What Is the Book of Joshua?
The Book of Joshua is the first of the historical books of the Bible, following the Pentateuch. It records Israel’s entry into the Promised Land under the leadership of Joshua, the successor of Moses. His name means “The Lord is salvation,” and the book itself is a portrait of God’s faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.
Joshua shows how God led Israel to victory over powerful enemies and, moreover, how faith and obedience were essential throughout the journey.
What Is the Purpose of the Book of Joshua?
The main purpose of the book is to show the fulfillment of God’s promises to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. After forty years of wandering in the wilderness, the people finally take possession of the land of Canaan.
The book also teaches spiritual leadership, spiritual warfare, practical faith, and the importance of obedience to the Word of God.
Structure of the Book of Joshua
The book can be divided into four main sections:
Preparation and Crossing the Jordan (Joshua 1–5)
“Be strong and courageous… for the Lord your God is with you wherever you go.” (Joshua 1:9)
One of the most famous verses in Joshua serves as encouragement and reassurance, strengthening Joshua in his mission.
After the death of Moses, God commissions Joshua as Israel’s new leader. Joshua is encouraged to be strong and courageous, trusting in God’s constant presence.
The people then prepare to cross the Jordan River, which was at flood stage. God performs a miracle similar to the Red Sea—the waters stop, and the people cross on dry ground. Twelve stones are taken from the riverbed as a memorial.
After the crossing, the new generation is circumcised, and the people celebrate Passover, marking the end of one generation and the beginning of another ready to inherit the promise.
Conquest of the Land (Joshua 6–12)
With the land before them, the time for battles and conquest begins.
The first great victory takes place at Jericho, where, following God’s unusual strategy, Israel marches around the city for seven days. On the seventh day, they march around seven times, and the walls collapse—allowing Israel to take the city.
However, the next battle—at Ai—ends in defeat. The reason is the sin of Achan, who kept items God had forbidden. After judgment falls on Achan, Joshua leads the people into battle again, this time successfully.
Joshua then leads major southern and northern campaigns. He defeats several kings and enemy coalitions, securing Israelite control over much of the land. The book lists the defeated kings and conquered regions, demonstrating that God kept His promises.
Division of the Land Among the Tribes (Joshua 13–21)
With the land largely secured, Joshua begins assigning inheritances to the twelve tribes. Each tribe receives a portion of land according to lots and divine instruction.
Important highlights include:
- Caleb’s special inheritance, as one of the two faithful spies. He asks for the hill country of Hebron and conquers it (Joshua 14).
- The establishment of the cities of refuge, where those who caused accidental deaths could flee for protection.
- The assignment of Levitical cities, since the tribe of Levi received no land but served in worship and ministry.
This section demonstrates order, justice, and fidelity in organizing Israel’s territory, confirming the role of each of the tribes in God’s plan.
Renewal of the Covenant and Joshua’s Farewell (Joshua 22–24)
With the land secured, Joshua gathers the people to renew their covenant with God. He warns Israel to remain faithful and separate from the pagan practices around them.
Before his death, Joshua delivers an emotional and challenging farewell speech. He recalls God’s faithfulness since the days of Abraham and urges the people to make a conscious commitment.
The book ends with Joshua’s death and with Israel reaffirming its commitment to follow God.
Conclusion and Lessons from the Book
“As for me and my house, we will serve the Lord.” (Joshua 24:15)
The Book of Joshua is a powerful reminder that God is faithful, mighty, and worthy of trust. It calls us to live with faith, courage, and obedience. In a world full of uncertainty, Joshua reassures us that when we follow God wholeheartedly, He leads us to victory.
Joshua shows that to step into God’s promises, we must walk by faith, fight spiritual battles, and keep our hearts firmly anchored in the Lord.
